Analysis of burden, international organizations

Through various international organizations, a wide range of international public goods are provided, ie the promotion of peace and security, human rights and security, a stable international financial system A multilateral trading system, and reducing poverty in low-income countries, the prevention of contagious diseases, and the preservation of the global environment. In the paper, we tried to analyze how members of international organizations to share the financial burden of providing these international public goods. We do this by conducting regression analyses based on data concerning subscriptions and contributions of nearly 20 major international organizations.

Econometric analysis of the costs borne by the member countries of international organizations show that the highest proportion of gross national income (GNI) and trade in their respective totals, most of the burden, especially in the case of the WTO or IMF. Also among industrialized members, the financial burden is greater for members with GNI per capita higher. Between all members, in contrast, the financial burden is greater for members with GNI per capita of less than international financial institutions (IFIs). This finding is particularly noteworthy for regional development financial institutions where members of the region, particularly the low-income members-bear a greater share of contributions, with a greater share of power to vote, that the non-regional members . The so-called "subsidiarity principle" seems to apply here. Such a pattern of burden-sharing, that low-income countries shoulder disproportionate burden, we do not find in other organizations, such as the OECD, the WTO, the ILO, the United Nations and other organizations affiliated with the United Nations. The reason is that the sharing of the burden and governance are not related to each other in these organizations, so it is natural to have small proportion of financial contributions for members with low incomes.

The sharing of the financial burden of member countries in the provision of international public goods through international organizations are deemed to be established in accordance with the benefits they receive, but it is not easy to accurately measure those benefits. If the size of the voting power (vocals) member countries in international organizations constitutes at least a portion of their benefits, it would be rational to bind to a certain extent, the burden sharing for the right to vote. In this sense, the link between the decision-making power (governance) and the financial burden (burden sharing) to the IFIs should provide a useful model. Recent revisions of Japanese contributions and governance reform in the OECD are seen as efforts to build such a link. However, it is not necessarily appropriate to retain the voting power of low-income countries weak as it may discourage these countries, the desire for participation and ownership, international organizations.

In the last section of the paper, we calculate a fair burden-sharing in the economies of East Asia at an Asian Monetary Fund (AMF), or an ASEAN +3 Secretariat Like its predecessor, which may be established in the future. We conclude that appropriate burden sharing and the power to vote for this organisation should be 40 percent or less in Japan, 30 percent or less for China, 10 percent or less for Korea and 25 percent or more to the ASEAN countries gathered Given these countries have strong financial contributions to the IMF, the World Bank (IBRD) and the ADB, the size of their economies, the extent of internationalization , and their per capita income.